Essay --

In the case against the topic statement, the first area we are going to be looking at is regards to the snow-white Hats. White Hat is a term that was originally used to describe some on sound moral character. Today it used to describe a special kind of hacker, that uses their skill set in order to expose weakness in a system with intent of having them fixed. ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg...

Jean-Paul Sartre: Conscience to the World Essay -- Biography Sartre Es

Jean-Paul Sartre Conscience to the WorldAt the time of his death on the fifteenth of April, 1980, at the age of seventy-four, Jean-Paul Sartres greatest literary and philosophical works were twenty-five years in the past. Although the small man existed in the popular mind as the politically mismatched champion of unpopular causes and had spent the last seven years of his life in relative stagnation, his influence was still great enough to draw a crowd of over fifty thousand people admirers or otherwise for his funeral procession. Sartre was eminently quotable, a favorite in the press, because his statements were always controversial. He was the leader of the before long popular Existential movement in philosophy which turned quickly into a fad for the disillusioned post-World War I generation, so even when the ideas criticized were not the ideas of Sartres Existentialism, he still came to the public mind. Sartre was alternately celebrated and vilified, depending on which side of the issue the speaker or writer was on, and whether or not Sartre had previous(predicate) espoused and possibly later turned against the ideals in question. Despite Sartres many political and philosophical about-faces, fellow Marxist political philosopher Herbert Marcuse said of him, He whitethorn not want to be the worlds conscience, but he is. Hayman, 458PoulouJean-Paul Sartre was born on June 21, 1905, and lost his father a little over a year later. His mother, Anne-Marie was raised uneducated in an educated family and moved back in with her own father, the teacher Karl Schweitzer, uncle of the famous philosopher and missionary, Albert Schweitzer. She promptly lost control of her infant son. Jean-Paul became the immediate favorite of his g... ...eyes blindness and he consistently lived his life in connection with his views on freedom. He strived, even while he stressed about class struggles, to be an authentic man, the ultimately free man of his early plays.Sartre was precocious, brilliant, controversial, changeable, stubborn, self-involved, arrogant, hated, worshiped, versatile, magnetic, and had an enormous effect on the world he lived in. In short, he was a creator.BibliographyGerassi, John. Jean-Paul Sartre Hated Conscience of His Century. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1989.Hayman, Ronald. Sartre A Biography. vernal York Simon & Schuster, 1987.Madsen, Axel. Hearts and Minds The Common Journey of Simone de Beauvoir & Jean-Paul Sartre. New York Morrow Quill Paperbacks, 1977.Priest, Stephen. Jean-Paul Sartre Basic Writings. London New York Routledge, 2001.

Now Is The Time To Be Computer Literate Essay -- essays research paper

now Is The Time To Be Computer LiterateNow is the condemnation to be pose computer literate. Now is the time to becomefamiliar and comfort commensurate with the computer because in the future we pass on becomevirtually a paperless society and many daily activities allow be linked to thecomputer.Mail delivery to the home and business go forth be almost entirely phasedout and e-mail will replace it. Bills will come via the computer and paid thesame way. Pay checks will be electronically deposited to your bank account. Onspecial occasions such as birthdays, accost card will be sent from yourcomputer to your loved ones computer. Shopping malls will become cyber malls and we will do our shopping viathe computer. You will be able to sensible horizon on your monitor how you would look in acertain outfit you are considering to buy. Imagine traveling over the entiremall in a comfortable in front of your computer. Push a button and the entirestock of a store will be at your riff tips . When you do go to a store to shopyou will not use money. You will use either a credit card or account card whichwill automatically deduct the amount if you purchase from your bank account. Our homes will be run by computers. Computers will adjust thetemperature. home appliances will be linked to the computer. Imagine drivinghome from work and calling your computer and having it start dinner for you.Have it adjust the temperat... Now Is The Time To Be Computer Literate Essay -- essays research paper Now Is The Time To Be Computer LiterateNow is the time to become computer literate. Now is the time to becomefamiliar and comfortable with the computer because in the future we will becomevirtually a paperless society and many daily activities will be linked to thecomputer.Mail delivery to the home and business will be almost entirely phasedout and e-mail will replace it. Bills will come via the computer and paid thesame way. Pay checks will be electronically deposited to your bank account. Onspecial occasions such as birthdays, greeting cards will be sent from yourcomputer to your loved ones computer. Shopping malls will become cyber malls and we will do our shopping viathe computer. You will be able to view on your monitor how you would look in acertain outfit you are considering to buy. Imagine traveling over the entiremall in a comfortable in front of your computer. Push a button and the entirestock of a store will be at your finger tips. When you do go to a store to shopyou will not use money. You will use either a credit card or debit card whichwill automatically deduct the amount if you purchase from your bank account. Our homes will be run by computers. Computers will adjust thetemperature. Home appliances will be linked to the computer. Imagine drivinghome from work and calling your computer and having it start dinner for you.Have it adjust the temperat...

Problems with Immigration Essay -- Cons of Illegal Immigration, Immigr

Problems with ImmigrationThe question is have we given up on turning our immigrants into Americans(Brimelow 30). Undoubtedly, all the hipped-up controversial rhetoric will discouragethe immigrant population from becoming legal. It has become such a hassle to gothrough the process that many people choose to cross the border withoutpermission. in advance 1960, eighty percent of the immigration to America came fromEurope. Since 1960, however, eighty percent has come from places other thanEurope (Wishard 153). As a result, immigrant laws have become less pass judgment ofthe immigrant community. Long ago, European immigrants were given a job, shelter,and food. Soon, the new immigrants were granted citizenship and votingprivileges (Hernandez A1). Today, immigrants are lucky to cross the boarderwithout being shot--God forbid they become citizens. contrary to what many believe, many immigrants are not here to become citizens.Many wish to stay for a short time and then return to their home . In fact, manyimmigrants are reluctant to become legal. Many harbor hopes and dreams ofeventually returning to their friends and family back home. Then there are thedistinct few who do not wish to decide, and would like have doubled citizenship.To be loyal to more than one country, to vote in both countries, and to travelback and away easily (Limon).To understand the affects of immigration one must study the state where it ismore rampant. calcium is a magnet for immigrants. As a result, many affirmthat immigrants are a great economic burden. California does, however, benefitfrom its porous borders. The succession of immigrant groups has brought thestate unparalleled ethnic diversity (Gerston 9). Besides ethnic diversity,California has one of the most diverse economies in the world. Despite itsproblems, California prevails in agriculture, mining, manufacture,transportation, communication, electronics, construction, and defense. Theseindustries contain a high percentage of immigra nts. If California were anindependent nation, with a 695.3 million dollar economy, it would rank eighth inthe world (Gerston 8). Californias dense population is a direct result ofimmigration, which accounts for Californias great political and economicstrength.The unregulated proceeding of goods, services, and people throughout the states iswhat ... ... to Raise Fees for illicit Immigrants.L.A. Times 2 Apr. 1995 A3.Christopher, Warren. NAFTA In the overriding interest of theUnited States. Dispatch 15 Nov. 1993 785.Fragomen, Austin T. Jr. The Illegal Alien Criminal orEconomic Refugee? Staten Island Center forMigration Studies, 1973.Gerston, Larry and Terry Christensen. California Politicsand Government A Practical Approach.Belmont, CA Wadsworth, 1993.Gore, Albert Jr. North American Free Trade Agreement.C-SPAN. 15 Dec. 1993.Hernandez, Efrain Jr. and Simon, Richard. Despite Gains, LatinoVoters Still Lack Clout. L.A. Times4 Dec 1994 A1.Limbaugh, Rush. Open-Line Friday. KFI, Los Angel es.7 Apr. 1995.Limon, Emiliano. I want dual citizenship. KFI,Los Angeles. 28 Apr. 1995.McDonnel, Patrick J. For Them, Prop. 187 is Just the Beginning.L.A. Times 28 Jan. 1995 A1.Olmo, Frank. Perspective on Immigration Open the Door to Mexicans.L.A. Times 31 Jan. 1995 B7.Wishard, Van Dusen. The Wider Vision Seeks to Inspire the best inPeople. Vital Speeches 6 (1994) 153.Woo, Elaine. Immigrants do Well in School, Study Finds. L.A. Times3 Apr. 1995 A1.

Mirror Mirror on the Wall, Who’s the Fairest of Them All? Essay

As in the Disney movie Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the evil queen is obsessed with being the fairest, or most beautiful, woman in all the land. The word beauty, by definition, is the quality present in a thing or person that gives screaming(prenominal) pleasure or deep satisfaction to the mind, whether from sensory manifestation, a meaningful design, or something else such as personality. But what is beautiful to me may not provoke the same response or feeling from you. How is the queen to know she is the fairest in everyones eye if not everyone holds the same definition of beautiful? Why is it that we be attracted to some battalion and not attracted to others? The well-known phrase, beauty is in the eye of the beholder may hold some truth. apprehension dictates how we view everything. Peoples views are gained through experience and the environment in which they live. With that being said, our ideal depiction of beauty may slightly differ because no two people experience t he same things in life, but aspects as to what people find attractive overlap. These overlapping qualities can be grouped into categories, which include the influence of personality, nervus facialis beauty, and body beauty and how its changing with society.Both males and females, at some level or another, are concerned with how they look to others. Typically, females are more absorbed with the idea of looking beautiful. Dont misinterpret what Im saying males care about what they look like as well, but broadly speaking not to the extent of that of females. This paper will focus on the perceptions people have on beauty as it pertains to women. Influence of Personality on the Perception of BeautyA study was conducted in which a group of researchers wanted to examine if the infl... ...International daybook Of Cosmetic Science, 27(6), 317-325. doi10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00286.xHaughton, N. (2004). Perceptions of beauty in Renaissance art. Journal Of Cosmetic Dermatology, 3(4), 229- 233. doi10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00142.xLeist, A. (2003). What Makes Bodies Beautiful. Journal Of Medicine & Philosophy, 28(2), 187-219.Swami, V., Furnham, A., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Akbar, K., Gordon, N., Harris, T., & ... Tovee, M. J. (2010). More Than Just Skin Deep? Personality Information Influences Mens Ratings of the Attractiveness of Womens Body Sizes. Journal Of affectionate Psychology, 150(6), 628-647. doi10.1080/00224540903365497Weller, J. E., & Dziegielewski, S. F. (2004). The Relationship Between Romantic Partner Support Styles and Body Image Disturbance. Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment, 10(2), 71-92. doi10.1300/J137v10n02_04

Mirror Mirror on the Wall, Who’s the Fairest of Them All? Essay

As in the Disney movie Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the evil queen is obsessed with being the fairest, or most beautiful, woman in all the land. The word beauty, by definition, is the quality present in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure or deep contentment to the mind, whether from sensory manifestation, a meaningful design, or something else such as personality. But what is beautiful to me may not evoke the same response or feeling from you. How is the queen to know she is the fairest in everyones eye if not everyone holds the same definition of beautiful? Why is it that we are attracted to some people and not attracted to others? The long-familiar phrase, beauty is in the eye of the beholder may hold some truth. Perception dictates how we view everything. Peoples views are gained through experience and the surroundings in which they live. With that being said, our ideal depiction of beauty may slightly differ because no two people experience the same things in li fe, unless aspects as to what people find attractive overlap. These overlapping qualities can be grouped into categories, which include the influence of personality, facial beauty, and body beauty and how its ever-changing with society.Both males and females, at some level or another, are concerned with how they look to others. Typically, females are more preoccupied with the idea of looking beautiful. Dont misinterpret what Im saying males care about what they look like as well, but generally not to the extent of that of females. This paper get out focus on the perceptions people have on beauty as it pertains to women. Influence of Personality on the Perception of BeautyA study was conducted in which a group of researchers wanted to examine if the infl... ...International Journal Of Cosmetic Science, 27(6), 317-325. doi10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00286.xHaughton, N. (2004). Perceptions of beauty in Renaissance art. Journal Of Cosmetic Dermatology, 3(4), 229-233. doi10.1111/j.1473-2 130.2004.00142.xLeist, A. (2003). What Makes Bodies Beautiful. Journal Of medicine & Philosophy, 28(2), 187-219.Swami, V., Furnham, A., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Akbar, K., Gordon, N., Harris, T., & ... Tovee, M. J. (2010). More Than Just Skin Deep? Personality Information Influences Mens Ratings of the Attractiveness of Womens Body Sizes. Journal Of Social Psychology, 150(6), 628-647. doi10.1080/00224540903365497Weller, J. E., & Dziegielewski, S. F. (2004). The Relationship Between amative Partner Support Styles and Body Image Disturbance. Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment, 10(2), 71-92. doi10.1300/J137v10n02_04

Reading response on Communication Essay

For any effective communication, there must be understanding between the parties involved. This will therefore depend on the medium used and status of the barriers to effective communication. Students depend on communication to learn and when it is effective and inclusive, they get opportunities to grow and learn. In education, p arnts who are magnetic involve themselves in finding opportunities for their children. This is by involving the community at large and the administration to get opportunities for their children(Henderson, 297). Other parents are not concerned, which leads to inequality between the different children. Other families plan a instructor visit to the family, which increases unity and communication. When a teacher, parent and a student have a close relationship, they facilitate ample communication that leads to growth and opportunities.Accordind to (Mediratta, 32), for one to give opportunities that leads to growth among children, there should be a link between the outside of the school and the culture in the school. This is because the teachers do not understand the base the children are coming from especially in boarding schools. The power issue of the teachers goes down when the parents and their children mingles freely with the children which increases communication avenues. Poor families lack even the basic needs which find their students lack concentration due to the stress of their homes. This leads to inequality in the opportunities to children from richer families. Creating a link between the families and the general community leads to expansion of the communication network which leads to opportunities and growth. This addresses geomorphological inequality and enables student from poor families learn and have good health.According to WARREN, (15), translation of important information to languages that learners understands leads to effective communication. Those who understands the foreign language have added prefer to those wh o can not. A barrier to translation is money to pay the translators and some parents lack the time to opportunity talk. In opportunity talks, the issue of freedom when lecture is an issue due to dis think among members in the society(Zehr, 8). Relationships that can be trusted spread opportunities and this is true with parents who create friendship with their childrens teachers as they create trust between them. This is different from the parents who can not create this relationshipthat lead to disadvantage on their students opportunities. Organizing and planning for events for the school with older people with children improves their skills and confidence. This boosts their opportunities and improves their communication prowess foreign those who do not involve themselves in such programs.ReferencesHenderson, T Anne, Johnson Vivian, Mapp Karen, and Davies Don. Selection from Beyond the Bake Sale The Essential Guide to Family/School Partnerships. untried York The New Press, (2007) 296-301Mediratta, Kavitha, Shah Seema, and McAlister Sara.Building Partnerships to Reinvent School Culture Austin Interfaith. Providence, RI Annenberg Institute for School Reform. Mark Warren, Communities and Schools.(2009)1-49. Print.WARREN, MARK. Communities And Schools A New View Of Urban Education Reform. Harvard Educational look backward 2.75 (2005) 1-40. Print.Zehr, M. A. Civil Rights Deal Signals Federal Push for Translation Services. Education Week, (2011) 30(3), 8-9.Source document

Paper Analysis on the Poem Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay

Wilfred Edward Salter Owen born 8 March 1893, died on 4 November 1918. Were an English spend and poet ( wizard of the leading poet in World War 1). Wilfred Owen was born at Plas Wilmot, a house in Weston Lane, near Oswestry in Shropshire, on 18 March 1893, of mixed English and Welsh ancestry. He was the eldest of four children, his siblings organism Harold, Colin, and Mary Millard Owen.Line By Line InterpretationLines 1-2 Beggars used to put everything they owned in some sort of sack which would then carry everyplace their shoulder. The soldier, like the beggar is bent over in pain. The solider could also from the fumble attack. Knock- kneed, suggest that the soldier is trying to keep his knees together and his feet wide a initiate as a way to keep him steady so that he can continue to walk. Owen compares to old beggars and hags as a way to say that the soldiers have helpless their youthfulness due to fighting in this war. The symptoms listed here is due to a mustard gas attack the solider experienced blisters, sore eyes, and vomiting.Line 3-8The solider try to go back to camp to recover from the effects from the mustard gas attack. Haunting flares are the flashes of life that accompany artillery shell. Distant rest can be interpret in two ways first, when the soldier reaches camp they would be able rest and recovered from the attacks the second interpretation could be death. It could take a while for a solider to die from exposure to mustard gas. Limped on blood shots furthers the opinion that this was a mustard gas attack, because workforce would get sores over their bodies from being exposed to this gas.Of course, its also possible that they were just hit with artillery fire but in keeping with the context of this poem it makes more disposition that this would be an effect of some sort of gassing. All blind was another symptom of the attack they eyes would become very inflamed and puffed up so that it would make it hard for them to see. Five-nines ar e the five point nine calibre shells that were fired on the British soldiers in this particular instant. When the shells were fired they do high pitched sound, described by Owen as hooting.Line9-14This is the part of the poem that describes a chlorine gas attack. An ecstasy of fumbling can be interpreted as the soldier so overwhelmed with being scared and nervousness that they are fumbling with their helmets while they were trying to put them on. The helmets here are referred to as hide gas. There were many varieties of gas mask during WWI with each new development in gas war fare the helmets had to be adapted to shelter the soldier. In the early solar days of chlorine gas attack, men would put damp cloths over their mouths and noses, which would reduce the effects of the gas on the men. Gas masks were later produced to protect soldiers from this gas.Line 15-16This section can be read as nightmare. This scene of death haunts the narrator of this poem these men saw death every da y and with the introduction war fare one could argue that death took on a whole new significance for them. The drawn out death of men expose to the gases will leave more of an impression of the mind of that of a quick death. More and more men had to be treated for post-traumatic stress complaint due to them not being able to deal with everything that they saw while they were enlisted the solider described here a slowly dying. (Line16) Lists all the actions that a person would do if their air supply was cut-off.Line 17-24This section of the poem describes a soldier with post-traumatic stress would think. The narrator describes this dream as smothering like he is the one that is suffocating rather than the soldier. There was little that cloud be done for the soldiers once they were expose through this gas and that made that people feel really uneasy. Like a devils sick of sin could mean that the soldier was as tired as the devil of the sin that he and others took part in. The bloods come gargling from the froth- corrupted lungs is a very descriptive image that would probably make anyone sick to their stomach if they actually had to see it first-hand. This is an image that would stick with soulfulness for a long time, haunting their memories. It is these kinds of memories that can cause post-traumatic stress disorder.Lines 25-28Owen is referring to Jessie Pope when he says My friend. He is telling her that is she knew the reality of the war she would not be propagandizing it to green men. Pope prays on the young mens desire to be glorious heroes without telling them the ramifications of enlisting Significance of the TitleThe title is significant because e it highlights the horror and reality of war especially on the first war. The war is reflected in the Latin word DULCE ET DECORUM EST PRO PATRIA MORI. This phrase can be translated as it is sweet and rite to die for your country. Owen states as an Old Lie and he illustrates this in the poem. His illustration o f the reality war is that an incident of exhausted soldier studded through the mud of the soldiers. They are leaved the front line in order to rest for a few days in a safer place. However the group is attacked by mustard gas. One soldier was last in putting his mask. Owen describes the symptoms shown by7 the man as the poison slowly kills him.Tone of the meterThe tone of the poem is harsh due to the diction. Coughing like hags, Curse through sludge Poetic Devices Bent double is an example of an hyperbole it conveys the facial expression of exhaustion felt by the soldiers, were carrying heavy packs and being sleepless in the trenches. Metaphor Drunk with fatigue the feeling the soldier were having due to mustard gas effect Alliteration Knock-kneed coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge. create and impression of panic an urgencies. Simile Like a man in fire or lime to express the burning and blistering of the pain caused by the mustard when it came into contact with their ski n. Rhyme Sacks backs, sludge- trudge, boots-hoots

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 20. New

Everything was so clear.Sharp. Defined.The brilliant light either overhead was assuage blinding-bright, and however I could plainly see the g confuseding strands of the filaments inside the bulb. I could see each color of the rainbow in the white light, and, at the very edge of the spectrum, an eighth color I had no put up for.Behind the light, I could distinguish the individual grains in the dark wood ceiling above. In figurehead of it, I could see the dust motes in the air, the sides the light touched, and the dark sides, distinct and separate. They spun like little planets, moving round each other in a gossamer dance.The dust was so beautiful that I inhaled in shock the air whistled d give my throat, swirling the motes into a vortex. The action felt ruin. I considered, and realized the problem was that in that respect was no succor tied to the action. I didnt need the air. My lungs werent waiting for it. They reacted indifferently to the influx.I did non need the air , except I liked it. In it, I could taste the room around me taste the cognisely dust motes, the mix of the stagnant air mingling with the flow of slightly cooler air from the cave in door. Taste a lush whiff of silk. Taste a faint hint of both(prenominal)thing warm and desirable, something that should be moist, but wasnt That smell made my throat kindle dryly, a faint echo of the venom burn, though the scent was tainted by the bite of chlorine and ammonia. And most of all, I could taste an some-honey- chromatic-and-sun-flavored scent that was the strongest thing, the ambient thing to me.I heard the sound of the others, animate again now that I did. Their breath mixed with the scent that was something just off honey and lilac and sunshine, bringing new flavors. Cinnamon, hyacinth, pear, seawater, rising bread, pine, vanilla, leather, apple, moss, lavender, chocolate. I traded a dozen different compari word of honors in my sound judgement, but none of them fit exactly. So s weet and pleasant.The TV downstairs had been muted, and I heard soul Rosalie? shift her weight on the stolon floor.I also heard a faint, thudding rhythm, with a articulation shouting angrily to the beat. Rap music? I was mystified for a moment, and whence the sound faded amodal value like a car liberty chit by with the windows rolled down.With a start, I realized that this could be exactly right. Could I hear all the way to the freeway?I didnt realize someone was holding my book until whoever it was squeezed it lightly. Like it had before to hide the pain, my body locked down again in surprise. This was not a touch I expected. The skin was abruptly smooth, but it was the wrong temperature. Not cold.After that first frozen snatch of shock, my body responded to the unfamiliar touch in a way that shocked me so far more.Air hissed up my throat, spitting through my clenched teeth with a low, menacing sound like a swarm of bees. Before the sound was out, my muscles bunched and arched, go away from the un chousen. I flipped off my backward in a spin so fast it should birth turned the room into an incomprehensible blur but it did not. I adage every dust mote, every splinter in the wood-paneled walls, every loose thread in microscopic detail as my eyeball whirled past them.So by the time I found myself crouched against the wall defensively intimately a sixteenth of a second later I already understood what had startled me, and that I had overreacted.Oh. Of course. Edward wouldnt bump cold to me. We were the same temperature now.I held my pose for an eighth of a second longer, adjusting to the scene before me.Edward was aptness across the operating dining table that had been my pyre, his hand re wo(e)d out toward me, his expression anxious.Edwards feeling was the most important thing, but my peripheral vision catalogued everything else, just incase. nearly instinct to defend had been triggered, and I automatically searched for any sign of endange rment.My vampire family waited cautiously against the far wall by the door, Emmett and Jasper in the front. Like thither was danger. My nostrils flared, scrutinizing for the threat. I could smell postal code out of place. That faint scent of something exquisite but marred by harsh chemicals tickled my throat again, setting it to aching and burning.Alice was peeking around Jaspers elbow with a huge grin on her grammatical case the light sparkled off her teeth, some other eight-color rainbow.That grin reassured me and indeed put the pieces together. Jasper and Emmett were in the front to protect the others, as I had assumed. What I hadnt grasped immediately was that was the danger.All this was a sideline. The greater part of my senses and my mind were still focused on Edwards face.I had neer seen it before this second.How many times had I stared at Edward and marveled over his beauty? How many hours days, weeks of my feel had I spent dreaming about what I then deemed to be perfection? I cerebration Id known his face rectify than my own. Id opinion this was the one sure corporeal thing in my whole ball the dishonorlessness of Edwards face.I may as well have been blind.For the first time, with the shamefulming shadows and limiting faintness of humanity taken off my eyeball, I saw his face. I gasped and then struggled with my vocabulary, unable to find the right rowing. I needed better words.At this point, the other part of my attention had ascertained that there was no danger here besides myself, and I automatically straightened out of my crouch almost a whole second had passed since Id been on the table.I was momentarily preoccupied by the way my body move. The instant Id considered standing erect, I was already straight. on that point was no brief fragment of time in which the action occurred change was instantaneous, almost as if there was no movement at all.I continued to stare at Edwards face, motionless again.He moved slowly around the table each step taking nearly half a second, each step flowing sinuously like river water weaving over smooth stones his hand still outstretched.I watched the grace of his advance, absorbing it with my new eyes.Bella? he asked in a low, calming tone, but the worry in his region layered my name with tension.I could not answer immediately, lost as I was in the velvet folds of his voice. It was the most perfect symphony, a symphony in one legal instrument, an instrument more profound than any created by man___Bella, love? Im sorry, I know its disorienting. But youre all right. Everything is fine.Everything? My mind spun out, spiraling back to my last human hour. Already, the memory board seemed dim, like I was watching through a thick, dark veil because my human eyes had been half blind. Everything had been so blurred.When he said everything was fine, did that include Renesmee? Where was she? With Rosalie? I attempt to hatch her face I knew that she had been beautiful but it was irritating to try to see through the human memories. Her face was shrouded in darkness, so badly lit___What about Jacob? Was he fine? Did my long-suffering best friend hate me now? Had he gone back to Sams pack? Seth and Leah, too?Were the Cullens safe, or had my transformation ignited the war with the pack? Did Edwards blanket assurance cover all of that? Or was he just trying to calm me?And Charlie? What would I publish him now? He must have called while I was burning. What had they told him? What did he think had happened to me?As I deliberated for one small piece of a second over which question to ask first, Edward reached out tentatively and stroked his fingertips across my cheek. Smooth as satin, soft as a feather, and now exactly matched to the temperature of my skin.His touch seemed to move beneath the surface of my skin, right through the bones of my face. The feeling was tingly, electric it jolted through my bones, down my spine, and trembled in my stomach.Wait, I estimation as the trembling blossomed into a warmth, a yearning. Wasnt I supposed to lose this? Wasnt giving up this feeling a part of the bargain?I was a newborn vampire. The dry, scorching ache in my throat gave proof to that. And I knew what being a newborn entailed. Human emotions and longings would come back to me later in some form, but Id recognised that I would not feel them in the beginning. Only thirst. That was the deal, the price. Id agreed to pay it.But as Edwards hand curled to the constitute of my face like satin-covered steel, want raced through my dried-out veins, singing from my scalp to my toes.He arched one perfect eyebrow, waiting for me to speak.I threw my arms around him.Again, it was like there was no movement. One moment I stood straight and still as a statue in the same instant, he was in my arms.Warm or at least, that was my perception. With the sweet, delicious scent that Id never been able to rightfully take in with my dull human senses, but that w as one hundred percent Edward. I pressed my face into his smooth chest.And then he shifted his weight uncomfortably. Leaned away from my embrace. I stared up at his face, confused and frightened by the rejection.Urn carefully, Bella. Ow.I yanked my arms away, folding them loafer my back as soon as I understood.I was too strong.Oops, I mouthed.He smiled the kind of smile that would have mark offped my heart if it were still beating.Dont panic, love, he said, lifting his hand to touch my lips, parted in horror. Youre just a bit stronger than I am for the moment.My eyebrows pushed together. Id known this, too, but it felt more phantasmagoric than any other part of this ultimately surreal moment. I was stronger than Edward. Id made him say ow.His hand stroked my cheek again, and I all but forgot my distress as another wave of desire rippled through my motionless body.These emotions were so much stronger than I was used to that it was challenging to stick to one train of thought desp ite the extra room in my head. Each new sensation overwhelmed me. I remembered Edward saying once his voice in my head a weak shadow compared to the crystal, musical clarity I was hearing now that his kind, our kind, were easily distracted. I could see why.I made a concerted effort to focus. there was something I needed to say. The most important thing.Very carefully, so carefully that the movement was actually discernible, I brought my right arm out from behind my back and raised my hand to touch his cheek. I refused to let myself be sidetracked by the pearly color of my hand or by the smooth silk of his skin or by the charge that zinged in my fingertips.I stared into his eyes and heard my own voice for the first time.I love you, I said, but it sounded like singing. My voice rang and shimmered like a bell.His answering smile dazzled me more than it ever had when I was human I could really see it now.As I love you, he told me.He took my face between his hands and leaned his face to mine slow enough to remind me to be careful. Hekissed me, soft as a whisper at first, and then suddenly stronger, fiercer. I tried to remember to be gentle with him, but it was hard work to remember anything in the incursion of sensation, hard to hold on to any coherent thoughts.It was like hed never kissed me like this was our first kiss. And, in truth, hed never kissed me this way before.It almost made me feel guilty. Surely I was in breach of the contract. I couldnt be allowed to have this, too.Though I didnt need oxygen, my breathing sped, raced as fast as it had when I was burning. This was a different kind of fire.Someone cleared his throat. Emmett. I recognized the deep sound at once, joking and annoyed at the same time.Id provide we werent alone. And then I realized that the way I was curved around Edward now was not exactly polite for company.Embarrassed, I half-stepped away in another instantaneous movement.Edward chuckled and stepped with me, keeping his arms tigh t around my waist. His face was glowing like a white flame burned from behind his diamond skin.I took an unnecessary breath to settle myself.How different this kissing was I read his expression as I compared the indistinct human memories to this clear, intense feeling. He looked a little smug.Youve been holding out on me, I accused in my singing voice, my eyes narrowing a tiny bit.He laughed, radiant with relief that it was all over the fear, the pain, the uncertainties, the waiting, all of it behind us now. It was sort of necessary at the time, he reminded me. Now its your turn to not break me. He laughed again.I frowned as I considered that, and then Edward was not the only one laughing.Carlisle stepped around Emmett and walked toward me swiftly his eyes were only slightly wary, but Jasper shadowed his footsteps. Id never seen Carlisles face before either, not really. I had an odd urge to blink like I was staring at the sun.How do you feel, Bella? Carlisle asked.I considered t hat for a sixty-fourth of a second.Overwhelmed. Theres so much. I trailed off, listening to the bell-tone of my voice again.Yes, it can be quite confusing.I nodded one fast, jerky bob. But I feel like me. Sort of. I didnt expect that.Edwards arms squeezed lightly around my waist. I told you so, he whispered.You are quite controlled, Carlisle mused. More so than expected, even with the time you had to prepare yourself mentally for this.I thought about the wild mood swings, the difficulty concentrating, and whispered, Im not sure about that.He nodded seriously, and then his jeweled eyes glittered with interest. It seems like we did something right with the morphine this time. Tell me, what do you remember of the transformation process?I hesitated, intensely aware of Edwards breath brushing against my cheek, sending whispers of electricity through my skin.Everything was very dim before. I remember the baby couldnt breathe___I looked at Edward, momentarily frightened by the memory.Ren esmee is healthy and well, he promised, a gleam Id never seen before in his eyes. He said her name with an understated fervor. A reverence. The way devout people talked about their gods. What do you remember after that?I focused on my poker face. Id never been much of a liar. Its hard to remember. It was so dark before. And then I opened my eyes and I could see everythingAmazing, Carlisle breathed, his eyes alight. confuse washed through me, and I waited for the heat to burn in my cheeks and give me away. And then I remembered that I would never blush again. perchance that would protect Edward from the truth.Id have to find a way to tip off Carlisle, though. Someday. If he ever needed to create another vampire. That possibility seemed very unlikely, which made me feel better about lying.I want you to think to tell me everything you remember, Carlisle pressed excitedly, and I couldnt help the grimace that flashed across my face. I didnt want to have to keep lying, because I might s lip up. And I didnt want to think about the burning. Unlike the human memories, that part was perfectly clear and I found I could remember it with far too much precision.Oh, Im so sorry, Bella, Carlisle apologized immediately. Of course your thirst must be very uncomfortable. This conversation can wait.Until hed mentioned it, the thirst actually wasnt unmanageable. There was so much room in my head. A separate part of my brain was keeping tabs on the burn in my throat, almost like a reflex. The way my old brain had handled breathing and blinking.But Carlisles assumption brought the burn to the forefront of my mind. Suddenly, the dry ache was all I could think about, and the more I thought about it, the more it hurt. My hand flew up to cup my throat, like I could smother the flames from the outside. The skin of my neck was strange beneath my fingers. So smooth it was in some manner soft, though it was hard as stone, too.Edward dropped his arms and took my other hand, tugging gently. Lets hunt, Bella.My eyes opened wider and the pain of the thirst receded, shock taking its place.Me? Hunt? With Edward? But how? I didnt know what to do.He read the alarm in my expression and smiled encouragingly. Its quite easy, love. Instinctual. Dont worry, Ill show you. When I didnt move, he grinned his crooked smile and raised his eyebrows. I was under the word-painting that youd always wanted to see me hunt.I laughed in a short burst of humor (part of me listened in wonder to the pealing bell sound) as his words reminded me of cloudy human conversations. And then I took a whole second to eliminate quickly through those first dayswith Edward the true beginning of my life in my head so that I would never forget them. I did not expect that it would be so uncomfortable to remember. Like trying to sidelong through muddy water. I knew from Rosalies experience that if I thought of my human memories enough, I would not lose them over time. I did not want to forget one minute Id spent with Edward, even now, when eternity stretched in front of us. i would have to make sure those human memories were cemented into my infallible vampire mind.Shall we? Edward asked. He reached up to take the hand that was still at my neck. His fingers smoothed down the column of my throat. I dont want you to be hurting, he added in a low murmur. Something I would not have been able to hear before.Tm fine, I said out of lingering human habit. Wait. First.There was so much. Id never gotten to my questions. There were more important things than the ache.It was Carlisle who spoke now. Yes?I want to see her. Renesmee.It was oddly difficult to say her name. My daughter, these words were even harder to think. It all seemed so distant. I tried to remember how I had felt three days ago, and automatically, my hands pulled free of Edwards and dropped to my stomach.Flat. Empty. I clutched at the pale silk that covered my skin, panicking again, while an insignificant part of my mind noted th at Alice must have dressed me.I knew there was nothing left hand inside me, and I faintly remembered the bloody removal scene, but the physical proof was still hard to process. All I knew was loving my little nudger inside of me. Outside of me, she seemed like something I must have imagined. A melt dream a dream that was half nightmare.While I wrestled with my confusion, I saw Edward and Carlisle exchange a guarded glance.What? I demanded.Bella, Edward said soothingly. Thats not really a good idea. Shes half human, love. Her heart beats, and blood runs in her veins. Until your thirst is positivisticly under control You dont want to put her in danger, do you?I frowned. Of course I must not want that.Was I out of control? Confused, yes. Easily unfocused, yes. But dangerous? To her? My daughter?I couldnt be positive that the answer was no. So I would have to be patient. That sounded difficult. Because until I saw her again, she wouldnt be real. Just a fading dream of a unknown regi onWhere is she? I listened hard, and then I could hear the beating heart on the floor below me. I could hear more than one person breathing quietly, like they were listening, too. There was also a fluttering sound, a thrumming, that I couldnt place___And the sound of the heartbeat was so moist and appealing, that my mouth started watering.So I would unimpeachably have to learn how to hunt before I saw her. My stranger baby.Is Rosalie with her?Yes, Edward answered in a clipped tone, and I could see that something hed thought of upset him. Id thoughthe and Rose were over their differences. Had the animosity erupted again? Before I could ask, he pulled my hands away from my flat stomach, tugging gently again.Wait, I protested again, trying to focus. What about Jacob? And Charlie? Tell me everything that I missed. How long was I unconscious?Edward didnt seem to notice my hesitation over the last word. Instead, he was exchanging another wary glance with Carlisle.Whats wrong? I whispere d.Nothing is wrong Carlisle told me, emphasizing the last word in a strange way. Nothing has changed much, actually you were only unaware for just over deuce days. It was very fast, as these things go. Edward did an excellent job. Quite innovative the venom injection straight to your heart was his idea. He paused to smile proudly at his son and then sighed. Jacob is still here, and Charlie still believes that you are sick. He thinks youre in Atlanta right now, undergoing tests at the CDC. We gave him a bad number, and hes frustrated. Hes been speaking to Esme.I should call him, I murmured to myself, but, listening to my own voice, I understood the new difficulties. He wouldnt recognize this voice. It wouldnt reassure him. And then the earlier surprise intruded. Hold on Jacob is still here?Another glance between them.Bella, Edward said quickly. Theres much to discuss, but we should take care of you first. You have to be in pain___When he pointed that out, I remembered the burn in my throat and swallowed convulsively. But Jacob We have all the time in the world for explanations, love, he reminded me gently.Of course. I could wait a little longer for the answer it would be easier to listen when the fierce pain of the fiery thirst was no longer scattering my concentration. Okay.Wait, wait, wait, Alice trilled from the doorway. She danced across the room, dreamily graceful. As with Edward and Carlisle, I felt some shock as I really looked at her face for the first time. So lovely. You promised I could be there the first time What if you two run past something reflective?Alice , Edward protested.It will only take a second And with that, Alice darted from the room.Edward sighed.What is she talking about?But Alice was already back, carrying the huge, gilt-framed mirror from Rosalies room, which was nearly twice as tall as she was, and several times as wide.Jasper had been so still and silent that Id taken no notice of him since hed followed behind Carlisle. Now he moved again, to hover over Alice, his eyes locked on my expression. Because I was the danger here.I knew he would be tasting the mood around me, too, and so he must have felt my jolt of shock as I studied his face, looking at it closely for the first time.Through my sightless human eyes, the scars left from his former life with the newborn armies in the South had been mostly invisible. Only with a bright light to throw their slightly raised shapes into definition could I even make out their existence.Now that I could see, the scars were Jaspers most dominant feature. It was hard to take my eyes off his ravaged neck and jaw hard to believe that even a vampire could have survived so many sets of teeth ripping into his throat.Instinctively, I tensed to defend myself. Any vampire who saw Jasper would have had the same reply. The scars were like a lighted billboard. Dangerous, they screamed. How many vampires had tried to kill Jasper? Hundreds? Thousands? The same number that had di ed in the attemptJasper both saw and felt my assessment, my caution, and he smiled wryly.Edward gave me grief for not getting you to a mirror before the wedding, Alice said, pulling my attention away from her frightening lover. Tm not going to be chewed out again.Chewed out? Edward asked skeptically, one eyebrow curving upward.Maybe Im overstating things, she murmured ab displacely as she turned the mirror to face me.And maybe this has solely to do with your own voyeuristic gratification, he countered.Alice winked at him.I was only aware of this exchange with the lesser part of my concentration. The greater part was riveted on the person in the mirror.My first reaction was an unthinking pleasure. The alien creature in the glass was indisputably beautiful, every bit as beautiful as Alice or Esme. She was fluid even in stillness, and her flawless face was pale as the moon against the frame of her dark, heavy hair. Her limbs were smooth and strong, skin glistening subtly, luminous as a pearl.My second reaction was horror.Who was she? At first glance, I couldnt find my face anywhere in the smooth, perfect planes of her features.And her eyes Though Id known to expect them, her eyes still sent a thrill of terror through me.All the while I studied and reacted, her face was perfectly composed, a carving of a goddess, showing nothing of the turmoil roiling inside me. And then her full lips moved.The eyes? I whispered, unwilling to say my eyes. How long?Theyll darken up in a hardly a(prenominal) months, Edward said in a soft, comforting voice. Animal blood dilutes the color more quickly than a diet of human blood. Theyll turn amber first, then gold.My eyes would blaze like vicious red flames for months?Months? My voice was higher now, stressed. In the mirror, the perfect eyebrows lifted incredulously above her glowing crimson eyes brighter than any Id ever seen before.Jasper took a step forward, alarmed by the intensity of my sudden anxiety. He knew young vampires onl y too well did this emotion prediction some misstep on my part?No one answered my question. I looked away, to Edward and Alice. Both their eyes were slightlyunfocused reacting to Jaspers unease. Listening to its cause, looking ahead to the immediate future.I took another deep, unnecessary breath.No, Im fine, I promised them. My eyes flickered to the stranger in the mirror and back. Its just a lot to take in.Jaspers brow furrowed, highlighting the two scars over his left eye.I dont know, Edward murmured.The woman in the mirror frowned. What question did I miss?Edward grinned. Jasper wonders how youre doing it.Doing what?Controlling your emotions, Bella, Jasper answered. Ive never seen a newborn do that stop an emotion in its tracks that way. You were upset, but when you saw our concern, you reined it in, regained power over yourself. I was prepared to help, but you didnt need it.Is that wrong? I asked. My body automatically froze as I waited for his verdict.No, he said, but his vo ice was unsure.Edward stroked his hand down my arm, as if encouraging me to thaw. Its very impressive, Bella, but we dont understand it. We dont know how long it can hold.I considered that for a portion of a second. At any moment, would I snap? Turn into a monster?I couldnt feel it coming on. Maybe there was no way to anticipate such a thing.But what do you think? Alice asked, a little impatient now, pointing to the mirror.Im not sure, I hedged, not wanting to admit how frightened I really was.I stared at the beautiful woman with the terrifying eyes, looking for pieces of me. There was something there in the shape of her lips if you looked past the dizzying beauty, it was true that her upper lip was slightly out of balance, a bit too full to match the lower. Finding this familiar little flaw made me feel a tiny bit better. Maybe the rest of me was in there, too.I raised my hand experimentally, and the woman in the mirror copied the movement, skin senses her face, too. Her crimson eyes watched me warily.Edward sighed.I turned away from her to look at him, raising one eyebrow.Disappointed? I asked, my ringing voice impassive.He laughed. Yes, he admitted.I felt the shock break through the composed mask on my face, followed instantly by the hurt.Alice snarled. Jasper leaned forward again, waiting for me to snap.But Edward ignored them and draped his arms tightly around my newly frozen form, pressing his lips against my cheek. I was rather hoping that Id be able to hear your mind, now that it is more similar to my own, he murmured. And here I am, as frustrated as ever, wondering what could possibly be going on inside your head.I felt better at once.Oh well, I said lightly, relieved that my thoughts were still my own. I guess my brain will never work right. At least Im pretty.It was becoming easier to joke with him as I adjusted, to think in straight lines. To be myself.Edward growled in my ear. Bella, you have never been merely pretty.Then his face pulled away f rom mine, and he sighed. All right, all right, he said to someone.What? I asked.Youre making Jasper more edgy by the second. He may relax a little when youve hunted.I looked at Jaspers apprehensive expression and nodded. I didnt want to snap here, if that was coming. Better to be surrounded by trees than family.Okay. Lets hunt, I agreed, a thrill of nerves and anticipation making my stomach quiver. I unwrapped Edwards arms from around me, keeping one of his hands, and turned my back on the strange and beautiful woman in the mirror.

The Impact of the End of the Cold War on Us Foreign Policy

Discuss the impact of the end of the frosty contend on US outside policy Introduction When the introduction famous liberal thinker Francis Fukuyama in his masterpiece decl ared that we were witnessing the end of the memorial, he was greeting the new political anatomical structure and likewise the new transnational environment, which is peaceful1. However, developments that occurred afterward the collapse of the Soviet sum of money showed us that the dissolution of the Soviets was unexpected. The international society was non ready for peace and Fukuyamas optimistic assumptions were far from befitting in truth.Moreover, the international society currently started to realise that the tension and the potential of mass destructive war during the wintry War era had provided a more to a greater extent stable and securitize orb gear up for each other periods of the history. Recent developments that occurred after 9/11 attacks showed us that the demesne is not much secur er out-of-pocket to the characteristics of this new type of threat which is commonly known and referred as terrorism. As being the flagship of the Western powers during the Cold War, the US is facing with much much coerce than before.Post- Cold war developments proved that although the US has the leadership features and military superiority against conventional threats or in other words known enemies, it is still absentminded of showing the corresponding attri besideses in the Post-cold War era. This subject is going to analyse the impact of the end of the Cold War on US contradictory policy. In order to do it so, it will provide historic background information on Cold War era and also the developments occurred after.Later on this paper will focus on the shifts that occurred in the the Statesn foreign policy after the Cold War. Basics of the Cold War Policies For al some five decades the Cold War was the main stage for the evolution of international relations. Many institutio ns, political or military organisations and purge international norms and regulations of the Cold War are ambit the base even for the modern day politics. Hence the legacy of the Cold War era is still shaping the political, economic and social relationships within, and also in between the states.Although there is no specific agreement between the historians on when it began, the Cold War is the name given to approximately 50 years yearn conflict between the Communist block led by Soviet Union and the Western nations led by United States of America. Cold War was a conflict, which did not include any direct military engagements between these 2 parties. On the other hand, it was fought by various types of means including diplomatic, economic and mostly by propaganda. In general basics of the Cold War era can be grouped downstairs 4 categories.These are 1) Bipolar System The simple outcome of the flash World War probably was the emergence of two superpowers which created a new a nd never been before experienced system anytime in the history of international relations called bipolar system. A bipolar system includes two evenly matched powers in this case The US and the Soviet Union. Once affiliate during and opponents after the Second World War, these two victorious states have became the main actors of the world politics for over 50 years. 2) The US alien Policy of ContainmentThe Soviet Union and its supporters were declared as the enemy of the free world by the Western states mostly by the US during the Cold War. Although it has been argued that the starting time indications of hostility between these two states have emerged during The Yalta and Potsdam conferences2, the basic arguments on the soviet threat have taken place between the American decision makers in late 1940s3. The main stem during these arguments was focusing on the essential enormousness of bringing the Soviets, both politically and geographically in order to save and protect the US interests in overseas.In his respond to the US Treasury Department, George Kennan a agent American diplomat, mentioned the expansionist policies of the Soviets and suggested that the US should follow an active foreign policy approach in order to contain the Soviets in its current (by late 40s) geographic borders4. In following years, when the Truman Doctrine came into action the idea of containment has also become one of the main strategies of the US against its opponent, the Soviets. 3) Crisis without major(ip) ConflictsDissimilarity between the two blocs have produced a series of international crises during the Cold War such as the Soviets intervention in Germany/Berlin (1948), Korean War (1950-1953), Cuban Crisis (1962), Although both parties did not fight or exchange fire against each other. However, they did support the fighting groups and pick sides during these crises according to their national interests. 4) Second revive Capability & Mutual Assured Destruction Both supe rpowers of the Cold War era were also nuclear powers. They had highly effective and destructive nuclear weapons in their arsenal.Their nuclear capabilities were the main reason for the tension in the international society, during the Cold War. On the other hand, however this capability of theirs was also the reason why they were no major conflicts or military clashes between these super powers. Each party had the ability to respond to a nuclear attack with powerful nuclear requital against the attacking party5. This ability is called second-strike capability. Obviously as a result of this nuclear capacity both parties could have completely created a nuclear destruction not only for each other but also for the rest of the world as well6.That is why non- of the superpowers dared to attack the other one with its nuclear powers in order to eliminate the opposition, hostility, competition etc. The competition and increasing awareness on democratic rights did force the Soviets to stand b ack and make some major policy changes in 1980s. The Soviet Premier of the time Gorbachev tried to set some political and social reforms in the soviet society in order to loosening the pressure and help Soviets to continue to survive in the international arena. Moreover, the Soviets did not only make shifts in their internal policies but also in their foreign policy understanding as well.For instance withdrawal from Afghanistan, signing of various nuclear deterrence agreements with multi parties including the US are some of the anchor changes that occurred in the 1980s. However, the reforms of Gorbachev did not prevent the Soviets to stop its collapse and eventually after a series of events in 1991 the Soviet Union formally announced its dissolution7. The First Ten historic period Although the indications were present well before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the world was not completely ready for the end of the Cold War.The US was left alone without any major balancing oppon ents. Further more, after the dissolution of the Soviets the numbers of newly established independent states have increased significantly. All these new states were lacking of self-governing capabilities and also the Western vision, which was the victorious ideology of the Cold war. Moreover, some researchers courageously support the idea that international environment during the Cold War was much more safer and less(prenominal) hazardous system for the global security issues.Historian Paul Dukes criticizes the former American decision makers of the Cold War for only trying to save the day but not working for the future8. He suggests that due to the lack of farsighted-term policies of the US administrators, the world had to face with too many new issues and problems at the same time with of the Cold War9. If we generalize the facts before we start analysing the American foreign policy approach to the end of the Cold War, we can see that there are now much more various types of thr eats then it used to be. The lack of long-term policies has got the world into an uncertainty.Not only the US but also most of the states got caught out without any preparation to the circumstances of the end of the Cold War. That is way the first decade after the Cold War had a crucial importance for the US to establish, promote and also to maintain its supremacy and leadership around the world. We have seen the effects of the reforms occurred during the 1980s in the Soviet Union on the introductory chapters. When these reforms combined with the ne Soviet policy of compromising have eased the tension and created a new dialogue between two superpowers.The first real challenge of the back-Cold War era was the Gulf War. Despite its historic connections in the UN Security Council meeting the Soviets (later Russian Federation) agreed to take economic sanctions against Iraq10. Although it seemed like the first positive international attitude towards a multi polar political system, the US policy makers misinterpreted the facts and started to crate a hegemonic power. The first real post-Cold War indication for Americas attempts to build a hegemonic power is the so-called New World Order (NWO) doctrine of the Senior Bushs administration.The NOW came as a response from the US after the invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi military forces11. On September 11, 1990 former US president G. H. Bush intercommunicate the nation prior to a joint session of Congress and underlined the ideals that the US is willing to fight for12. Some of the points that Bush underlined are ? A new structure of international system based on international law and norms under the leadership of the West (particularly the US) ? International cooperation on the issues of nuclear disarmament and the promotion of incarnate peace ? An integrated international financial structure International cooperation on regional issues. In other words lesser sovereignty and much more international/humanitarian interventio ns13. Bushs NWO have been criticised by various social scientists. In his 1992 article Joseph Nye categorises the NWO as a traditionally realist documentation, due to key points that was emphasised in it such as the leadership of the US 14. However, another political scientist Freedman argues that the NWO gives special importance to the UN and other multinational institutions and that is why it should be seen as a contestation of liberalism and also the promotion of liberal values and norms15.No matter whose opinion is correct, Bushs NWO is a fine statement of the US foreign policy makers on the Western leadership in the world politics. There is a significant increase on the numbers of US supported humanitarian interventions since the end of the Cold War. One of the main reasons for this suitable environment for humanitarian intervention is the emergence of the newly established former communistic states. Since the declaration of the NWO the US got more involved in world politics not only under the Bush administration but also under Bushs successors.Many of these humanitarian interventions, took place under the president Clintons administration especially in the Balkans. In order to understand the logical system of these interventions it is essential to point out the main focuses of the Clinton administration. A few weeks after he took the office President Clinton mentioned the new challenges of the post-Cold War world on a speech at the American University. These challenges and goals are ? To restore the American economy to good health ? to increase the importance attached to trade and open markets for American business to help the developing countries grow faster ? to promote democracy in Russia and elsewhere ? to demonstrate US leadership in the global economy16 The former communist states experienced series of problems during their transition periods. They not only suffered from disintegration but also they were also forced to redefine their national int erest and roles in the light of the radical change in the international balance of power17. As a consequence of establishing a sovereign nation state, especially in the Balkans, nationalistic movements grew and tuned into violent acts.The lack of an opposing superpower helped the US to carry out the flag and start creating its global leadership. The US and its Northern Atlantic allies lunched series of military and civilian actions in order to ease the violence especially in the Balkans. During the Clinton administration US led coalition forces carried out more than 20 military missions in Yugoslavia to put an end to the ongoing violence. Main critics for the US supported missions came from a very familiar place. Although NATO eased the tension in the Balkans with its operations, the Russia was critical of the NATO operations in the Balkans.Russia prepared a resolution proposal to the UN Security Council to condemn NATO actions in Yugoslavia, though, the proposal was defeated 12-3 d uring the Security Council meeting, with only Russia, Namibia and china voting in favor of the resolution while NATO member countries along with the temporary members of the Security Council voted against it18. Hence, in general due to the sudden changes in the world politics it can be assumed that the uncertain environment and the need of a leading power led the international society to show enough support on the US policies and foreign actions.Post-post Cold War? The tragic events of the September 11, 2001did not create a new era such as post-post Cold War. However, they did assist to end a decade of positivity19. The attacks have generated a new era and a dimension not only for the US policies but also for the rest of the world as well specifically on the issues of global security. Although the G. W. Bush administration got the full support of international society after the attacks and even during the Afghanistan intervention, with the start of the campaign against Iraq and S addam Hussein regime the US started to lose its supporters.The US lost its soft power over the other states and even after President Obama took the office in 2008 elections it looks like the decline will continue. Conclusion Since the declaration of the Truman Doctrine until the collapse of the Soviet Union, the tension between two major blocks led to many crucial events, which have changed the context of the international relations and also re-framed the understanding of the world politics. The effects of these major events, which occurred during the Cold War, are traceable in contemporary world politics and also in the working structure of todays international society.On the other hand, it should be noted that no matter how important are these Cold War based policies, the collapse of the Soviet Union has brought up a new dimension to the international relations. In general the international society faced with new radical changes with the end of the Cold War. The World has seen the implementation of various types of new policy changes in both Western and Eastern blocks. For example instead of fighting with communism the US changed its role as the promoter and the fighter of the democracy and also the global security20.Furthermore, the former communist states focused and forced to rethink on issues of transition and liberalisation as well21. The US leadership started to lose its connective power within the first decade of the post 9/11 era. Unfortunately the Bush administration misread the consequences of both post-Cold War and also September 11 attacks. The administration acted much more unilaterally then its predecessor and also its successor. The support on the US supremacy/ leadership will continue to decline unless the US foreign policy makers start to interpreting correctly the current world system.The World is no longer a secure place. International cooperation and partnership is an essential cistron in order to fill in the vacuum that created after th e Cold War. Reference List Cameron, F US Foreign Policy after the Cold War, Routledge, Second Edition, 2006 Crockatt, R The end of the cold war, in J Baylis & S Smith (eds), The Globalization of World Politics, Oxford Press, Second Edition, 2001 Dukes, P A long view of the cold war, History Today, vol. 51, issue. 1, 2006, retrieved on 20 September 2011, Evans, G & Newnham, J The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations, Penguin, 1998Freedman, L Order and Disorder in the new world, Foreign Affairs, Winter 1992 22 Fukuyama, F The end of history, in G Tuthail & S Dalby(eds), The Geopolitics Reader, Routledge, Second Edition, 2006 Hass, R. N. Defining U. S. foreign policy in a post cold war world, The DISAM Journal, Fall 2002/Winter 2003 Kennan, G. F Memoirs 1925-1950, Pantheon, 1983 Kessler, B. R Bushs new world order The sum behind the words, Air Command and Staff Collage, ACSC Research Department NSW, 1997 Mingst, K Essentials of international Relations, Norton & Company, Sec ond Edition, 2003 Nye, J. S What new world order? Foreign Affairs, Spring 1992 Petherick C. J, Bush announces new world financial order, American Free Press, December 2008, retrieved on 21 September 2011, Sokoloski, H. D Getting unbalanced Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice, Strategic Studies Institute, November 2004 The Yalta and Potsdam conferences, BBC UK, retrieved on 20 September 2011, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Encyclopedia Britannica, retrieved on 21 September 2011, Williams, I Balkan crisis tarradiddle The UNs surprising support, Institute for War and Peace, 19 April 1999, retrieved on 21 September 2011, 1 Fukuyama, F The end of history, in G Tuthail & S Dalby(eds), The Geopolitics Reader, Routledge, Second Edition, 2006, pp. 107 114 2 The Yalta and Potsdam conferences, BBC UK, retrieved on 20 September 2011, 3 Mingst, K Essentials of international Relations, Norton & Company, Second Edition, 2003, p. 40 4 Kennan, G. F Memoirs 1925-195 0, Pantheon, 1983, p. 356 5 Evans, G & Newnham, J The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations, Penguin, 1998, p. 487 6 Sokoloski, H. D Getting MAD Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice, Strategic Studies Institute, November 2004, p. 5 7 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Encyclopedia Britannica, retrieved on 21 September 2011, 8 Dukes, P A long view of the cold war, History Today, vol. 51, issue. 1, 2006, retrieved on 20 September 2011, 9 ibid. 10 ibid. 11 Mingst. op. cit. , p. 54 12 Petherick C. J, Bush announces new world financial order, American Free Press, December 2008, retrieved on 21 September 2011, 13 Kessler, B. R Bushs new world order The inwardness behind the words, Air Command and Staff Collage, ACSC Research Department NSW, 1997, pp. 2-4 14 Nye, J. S What new world order? Foreign Affairs, Spring 1992, p. 84 15 Freedman, L Order and Disorder in the new world, Foreign Affairs, Winter 1992, p. 22 16 Cameron, F US Foreign Policy after the Cold War, Routledge, Second Edition, 2006, p. 19 17 Crockatt, R The end of the cold war, in J Baylis & S Smith (eds), The Globalization of World Politics, Oxford Press, Second Edition, 2001, p. 93 18 Williams, I Balkan crisis report The UNs surprising support, Institute for War and Peace, 19 April 1999, retrieved on 21 September 2011, 19 Hass, R. N. Defining U. S. foreign policy in a post cold war world, The DISAM Journal, Fall 2002/Winter 2003, p. 31 20 Crockatt, op. cit. p. 93 21 ibid.

Christian religion Essay

Many aspects of our Christian religion today have developed because of these early religious beliefs and culture of the Romans. At the base, the Roman Empire was able to develop more than any other country because of its acceptance of some aras of culture and religion of its conquered enemies and allowing them to keep their religion and culture, portmanteau the old ways with the new. How little was know, that the paganism belief system of the Roman Empire would eventually lead the way to the new Christianity religion of the world.Paganism, with its gods and goddesses, answered humanitys problems and provided answers at the whim of these supernatural beings. In the early stages of Greek and Roman culture, mythology answered all questions regarding the origin of the world and of man. (Case, 1929, p. 12) In the early days of Greece and capital of Italy, everything under the solarize was explained by the gods and goddesses humanity was at their whim along depending on their whims, j ust as today everything we do is explained through the Christian belief of God and Jesus, alternatively of the Roman gods and goddesses.In Rome, mythology answered all questions while today Christianity answers all of ours in regard to the world and mankinds problems, all being subject to godlike beings who have a lot to do with the affairs of mankind. Christianity became the semiofficial religion of the Roman empire under the Emperor Constantine in AD 324 (the Emperor Julian, known to Christians as the Apostate, failed to bring about a pagan revival a few years later), and pagan forms of worship were in conclusion made illegal in 390 by Theodosius.The myths of the pagan gods were manicularly vulnerable to Christian attack, as can be seen in Lactantius Divine Institutes I 9-22 and Augustines City of God. (Rivers, 1994, p. 22) According to Barry illegalises article entitled, The Irony of Faith, which is part of the research d mavin for his book The Unspoken Power of Rome, he ref ers to the fact most world religions live people to suppose in something that cannot be detected, seen, felt, heard, tasted, or smelled.Researching the fact that Rome had a serious influence on early Christians beginning and formation, he also says that people be expected to believe in something that doesnt exist physically and cant be proved in normal human experiences. In most of the world religions, people are asked to believe in something that can not be detected, seen, felt, heard, tasted, or smelled. They are asked to believe in something that doesnt exist physically and cant be proven in normal human experience.And when confronted with numerous, obvious discrepancies, the normal response is assent. Faith is the key to understanding. Faith is the key to believing in concepts that cannot be explained. (Banning, 2001, 1) Over the last several years, most Christians have accepted blindly this doctrine of faith, not realizing how much influence that Rome had on Christianity an d how we perceive it today, in its early beginnings.Very little credit was ever historically given to Rome for having any influence on Christianity and how we look at it portrayly many Christians refusing to believe that many aspects of Christianity had its origins in the pagan arena of Rome, and in the development of our present social orders. However, most of this credit was because of the way Christians hid interior the Roman Empire, to avoid persecution or death by the Romans. The hardest thing possible was to believe in one God instead of many gods and goddesses, remaining anonymous, while still living as Christians in brutal Rome.Early Christians, facing scorn at scoop up and persecution at worst, depending on Emperor and the era, were forced to blend in with their Pagan counterparts. In order to celebrate the holidays of their religion, the Christians used pre-existing holidays and festivals to blend in. Christmas, for example, was originally part of the great festival of the Winter Solstice, or the Saturnalia. By adopting this grand event as the celebration of Christs birth, Christian revelry was allowed to take place, by and large unnoticed.The Church too manipulated customs and traditions of the Pagan Empire to make their faith more adaptable. (Kousoulas, 2006,1) Christianity had been the official religion of Rome since 392, before Romes official fall in 476 when its last ruler, Romulus Augustus, fell under Alaric and the Visigoths in 410 and later destroyed by the Vandals in 455. According to Professor Richard Baldwin at the Gulf glide Community College in Florida, this fall of Rome would later influence the Middle Ages and its civilizations in classical Greek and Roman cultures, Christianity, and the Germanic culture.With modern science and intelligent knowledge today slowly replacing the word of God and Christian beliefs, public and society religious dedication has become a thing of the historic unwelcome in schools and sports, government buildings, and bringing down the morals of society. We need to look at Romes influence on the world go with with many other civilizations that were also influential on the world that led to Christianity. The development of human societies was not continuous.It was started several times anewin India, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, Scandinavia, and in Western Europe, beginning distributively time with the primitive tribe and then the village community. But if we consider each of these lines separately, we certainly mark in each of them, and especially in the development of Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire, a continual widening of the conception of mutual support and mutual protection, from the clan to the tribe, the nation, and finally to the international union of nations.(Kropotkin, 1934, p. 17) Christianity today is going through another revival such as in Rome, with many Christians now looking deeply inside philosophizing and asking inner questions concerning what they have always been told such as, is Christianity a pure religion in itself, or is it a combination of other religions. As Barry Banning said, previous Christian philosophies and hierarchical leaders told us to never question anything about our churches or what we have been taught.Christians are individuals who have unique mindsets, they are going to grow and change in their perception of the world around them, and this is a time when humanity is asking questions, seeking to find out truths. We are beginning to observe what Christianity is really about, not blindly accepting what we have been told by our superiors. The Roman imprints left from the early Christian development have scarcely extended an age-old religious philosophy that has long been past due for a change and maybe a needed updated version.Over the centuries, Christianity has not solo changed in an intellectual theory but also with the philosophy regarding its impact by Rome. People change and learn in different w ays, with continuously ever-changing perceptions that cross many barriers age, education, beliefs, or culture. Nevertheless, the bottom line is, without Rome we would never have had Christianity. Moreover, today Christianity as a single religion is ranked as the worlds largest religion, with sub-groups being included in this statistic.For the purpose of statistics, Christians refer to varying degrees of religious activity within Christianity including Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, Pentecostals, Jehovahs Witnesses, latter-day Saints, African Indigenous Churches, and others. All of this is very different from the early days of Rome, with terrified Christians being persecuted for speaking and attempting to practice their religion. Yet, no matter where we look regarding Christianity, we find ourself looking also at the Roman Empire and its early heritage and culture, still breathing today inside our churches and religious cultures.BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKSBanning, B. (2001). The U nspoken Power of Rome. foremost Edition. Albuquerque, New Mexico Wellspring Books. Case, S. C. (1929). Experience with the Supernatural in Early Christian Times. New York The Century Company. Laistner, M. L. (1951). Christianity and Pagan Culture in the Later Roman Empire. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press. Kropotkin, P. P. A. (1934). The symbolise Need of Determining the Bases of Morality. New York Dial Press. Potter, D. S. (2004). The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180-395. New York Routledge. Rivers, I. (1994). Classical and Christian Ideas in English renascence Poetry A Students Guide. New York Routledge.

Cross I Lab Report

The purpose of this experiment was to determine if two selected traits of Drosophila melanogaster, dumpy go and sepia eyes, follow Mendels Laws of Inheritance through the F2 generation. Materials and Methods In week one, two crosses were set up. Dumpy females were go across with sepia males, while dumpy males were crossed with sepia females. The dumpy phenotype consisted of shorter, smaller wings while the sepia phenotype consisted of brown eye color. For these crosses, all females were virgins. These crosses were the P1 generation.These crosses were then incubated until week two. ?In week two, the parents were removed and prone of. The eggs and larve were left to continue the cross. The crosses were left to continue to incubate until the following week. ?In week three, the flies emergent from each cross of the P1 generation were counted, disconnected into male and female, and then further separated into phenotype. This marked the completion of the P1 generation. The F1 crosses were then begun. They were set up in there different ways.In Cross A, F1 females were paired with F1 males. In cross B, F1 virgin females were paired with dumpy sepia males. In the last cross, Cross C, dumpy sepia virgin females were crossed with F1 males. In crosses B and C, entirely virgin females were used. The virgin females used were obtained from the P1 crosses. Dumpy sepia virgins were acquired from a source outside the experiment. The crosses were left to incubate until week four. ?Week four proceeded much analogous week two, with the parents being removed and discarded.The eggs and larve were left undisturbed to continue the cross. They were allowed to incubate until the final week, week five. ?In the final week, week five, the flies emerging from the F2 crosses and the backcross were counted, separated into male and female, and then further separated into phenotype just as week three. The crosses were then disposed of. Results F1 x F1 Cross Raw data Wt Dp Se dpse M F M F M F M F Table 1 26 19 8 9 7 11 2 4 Table 2 Table 3 39 43 7 10 16 25 1 3 Table 4 34 56 17 13 16 16 3 6 Total 99 118 32 32 39 52 6 13

Best Mom

Best mummy essay Hello my name is Cassandra and I Will Be talking about(predicate) my mammary glandma and why she should give-up the ghost one of the best mammas in San Diego. I believe that my mom has done many things to receive this kind of award and I think that she is one of the greatest moms. There are many reasons that I say why she should become on of the best moms in SanDiego. Some of the reasons that she should become one of the greatest moms in San Diego are because she has volunteered at my shallow and she has sacrificed many things for me and my siblings and she is also a good role model.These are only some traits if my mom and in the rest of this essay I will be elaborating on these 3 traits of my mother. My mom should be one of the greatest moms in San Diego because she did volunteer at our school and help out. My school has a mandatory of 15 hours that the parents of a student have to volunteer at the school in a year. My mom has volunteered at the school for no t only 15 hours. She was done with her volunteer hours around the 3rd moth of school and yet she still volunteers even though it isnt mandatory after that.At a school program called Acess we do a lot of community services like helping g in border clean up, doing volunteer at the Ronald MacDonald house and helping kids with autism. Over all we have done more that 20 community services within my eld there and my mom has volunteered in almost all of them and helped manage the kids. That is one of the reasons that I believe that my mom should be one of the greatest moms in San Diego. The second gear reason that my mom should be nominated as one of the greatest is because she has taught me many lessons and many things that will help me in life.Some of the things that my mom has taught me are Responsibility, Organization, respect, Honor, and honesty. all(prenominal) these things are lessons that will help me in school middle school, high school, college, and even after I get out of sc hool just in life. I believe that because I learned many things from my mother that she should be named one of the greatest moms in San Diego. Another reason that I think my mom should be named best mom would be because she is a great role model. My mother is a very good role model to me and my siblings.My mother is a person who puts all her effort to raising us good and she is a hard studyer and that motivates us to do a good job and work hard in school and that is one reason I think my mom is a great mother. In conclusion I believe that my mom is a great mother and she should be named one of the greatest moms in San Diego. t as told above the reason I think this is because she volunteers at our school even after finishing the mandatory hours and she has taught me some of the important lesson that help me in the future and she is a great role model.

Callum

Themes TRENCH LIFE & BATTLE cough up Like Hags Dulce Et decorum Est, Wilfred Owen Guttering, choking, drowning Dulce Et Decorum Est, Wilfred Owen Stuttering rifles rapid rattle Anthem for ill-starred Youth, Wilfred Owen A great pack of things unclean A Dead Boche, Robert Graves Like several different kinds of Hell Brooke, in a letter on his day in the war So much muscle and blood in the Earth Birdsong, Sebastian Faulks Beyond the boundaries of human behaviour -Birdsong, Sebastian Faulks The turned soil and torn flesh of war. Birdsong, Sebastian Faulks Meanwhile my ego etcetera lay quietly in the deep mud my sweet old etcetera, e. e. cummings You c entirely back theres no limit to what a man can bear? Stanhope in excursions End, Sherriff LOSS They expected to drop dead Birdsong, Faulks A dust whom England bore The pass, Brooke Gentleness, in hearts at peace, under an English Heaven The Soldier, Brooke As scared as any frightened child The Deserter, Letts sounding o n the face of grief, the face of dread June 1915, Charlotte Mew The pass dying dies upon a embrace,The very kiss of Christ Summer in England 1914, Alice Meynell The holy glimmer of goodbyes Anthem For Doomed Youth, Owen Each slow dip a drawing down of blinds Anthem For Doomed Youth, Owen PATRIOTISM Dulce et Decorum Est Pro whangria Mori Dulce Et Decorum Est, Owen Wholl feast his country a hand? iWhos For The Game, Jessie Pope my father used to become hoarse talk intimately how it was a privilege my sweet old etcetera, e. e. cummings Theres something rather wild-eyed about it exclusively Osborne in Journeys End, Sherriff He looked splendid.It sort of made me feel perspicacious to get out here capital of North Carolina in Journeys End, Sherriff My hatred of the Kaiser is love true This Is No plate Of Petty Right Or Wrong Thomas As we love ourselves, we hate her foe This Is No Case Of Petty Right Or Wrong, Thomas WOMEN AND THEIR ROLES You love us when wer e heroes Glory Of Wo workforce, Sassoon keep down along confreres Whos For The Game, Jessie Pope Isabel created hundreds (and hundreds) of socksmy sweet old etcetera, cummings Cant you put one across it isnt decent, to flout and goad men into doing what is non asked of you? The Jingo-Woman, Helen Hamilton We dare not weep who must be bear in battle Of All Who Died In Silence Far Away, Iris Tree Anyone affected by the war is entitled to call attention upon it Nasheen Khan GENERAL Not quite clearwhat the fuss was about He Went For A Soldier, Ruth Mitchell The political errors and insincerities A Soldiers Declaration, Sassoon A war of aggressiveness and conquest A Soldiers Declaration, Sassoon I am acting on behalf of soldiers A Soldiers Declaration, Sassoon An exploration of how far men can be degraded Birdsong, Faulks You are going to mesh and you are going to win. Birdsong, Faulks They didnt believe in shellshock at allit was just cowardice Regenerati on, Pat doggy The pity and terror the war experience inevitably evoked Regeneration, Pat Barker It all seems rather silly, doesnt it? Raleigh in Journeys End, Sherriff My subject is war and the pity of war. Wilfred Owen life-sustaining COMMENTS ON THE WAR CANON Passive suffering is not a theme for poetry Yeats war equates with ombat thus limiting the canon James Campbell The knowledge of combat is a prerequisite for the production of a literary text that adequately deals with war James Campbell Anyone affected by war is entitled to comment upon it Nasheen Khan The spectator, the contemplator, the opposer of war have their hours with the enemy no less than uniformed combatants Richard Eberhart Pre-WWI Literature The budge of the Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson Disastrous incident in the Crimean war. Into the valley of death/ Rode the hexad hundred Celebrates devotion to duty and heroism in the face of certain death.The glamour of chivalry. Honour the ch annelise they made While horse and hero fell patriotic, presents war positively. Someone had blunderd blames Generals interesting as it is forrader WWI, about the Boer war. So perhaps realistic in this sense? Vitai Lampada, by Sir Henry Newbolt About the Boer war The Gatlings lamed and the colonel dead Presents the actuality of the war, reality. The sand of the desert is sodden dead realism, huge scale of death. Alliteration of s and d. But the voice of a schoolboy rallies the ranks, play up Play up And play the high Compares war to a game of cricket, euphemism of war. Early War Literature (1914-1915) The Soldier by Rupert Brooke Some boxwood of a foreign field/that is forever England Idealised. Accused of naivete and being a ridiculous pastoral. If I should die, think only this of me More than a sentimental patriotic verse. The word think acts as a message from Brooke for people to remember him. A dialogue between the living (survivors and civilians) and the dead (or soon-to-be). The foreshadow by Jessie Pope Jessie Pope (a. k. a Owens arch-nemesis ) was incredibly pro-war. Whos for the trench are you, my laddie? Wholl follow the french will you, my laddie? used for propaganda to young soldiers. Men who jar against Away by Thomas intrepid Thomas fearless didnt fight in war. Written in the opening days of war. Expresses feelings of those enlisting as war was meant to be over by Christmas. Braggarts must surely bite the dust sounds antiquated & naive. A letter written by Julien Grenfell We are all awfully well, except those who have halt something Stopped something was slang for being shot As the Teams Head Brass by Edward Thomas Conversation between an elder ploughman and a speaker uncertain whether or not to enlist. have you been out yet? No. And dont want to, perhaps? series of questions. afterward Literature (1916-1918) All the Hills and Vales Along by Charles Hamilton Sorely And the singers optimism, calli ng soldiers singers. This is immediately undercut by describing them as the chaps/who are going to die perhaps So be glad, when you are sleeping sleeping undertones of death, implicit suggestion of death as most desirable end, inevitable end for a soldier. Sow your cheer for earths reaping celebrate chance of fighting, earth personified, harvesting future happiness planted by soldiers. To the Gates of Death with song Almost Tennyson-like enthusiasm, cheerful death. Offset by the final line so be merry, so be dead sober view of death compared to Brookes. To England A note by Ivor Gurney In this sonnet each seemingly patriotic phrase is undercut. The boys of England focuses on the facts that the soldiers are no more(prenominal) than boys, often just out of public school. The soldiers do in silence the things they have to do, war is literally unspeakable. A Dead Boche by Rupert Graves Speaks directly to those who only want to hear of blood and fame. A certain cure for lust of blood Brusquely ironic tone. Second stanza confronts the horrors of war head-on, he describes a German Corpse. Sat and Scowled alliteration attaches these actions of a living person to the corpse. Big-bellied, spectacled, rake-haired still identifiable but the dim blood turns corpse into an emblem of death. No mutual recognition or respect from one soldier to another (unlike W. Os statement I am the enemy you killed, my friend strange meeting) endorser challenged to disagree with the claim that it is a certain cure for the lust of blood. Post-WWI Literature Journeys End by R. C Sherriff Set in a dug-out in trenches, it explores tension in a group of officers waiting for their attack. Names emphasise essential Englishness (Stanhope, Osborne, Raleigh, etc). Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks so horrific beyond a war dehumanised to an extent that This is not a war this is an exploration of how far men can be degraded dehumanising, bitterness of those who experience it, no reason behind war. Modern. What Sebastian Faulks sets to explore in birdsong. (Stephen Wraysford) Glory of Women- Siegfried Sassoon 1917. Criticises those at home, particularly the women. You love us when were heroes, home on leave tread the terrible corpses, blind with blood O German motherwhile you are knitting socks to charge up your son His face is trodden deeper in the mud. A Dead Boche Robert Graves 1916Wirtten from an anti war perspective, graphic descriptions record the true horror of war. Wars hell Sat a dead Boche, he scowled and stunk Big-bellied, spectacled, crop haired, Dribbling black blood from nose and beard Diasbled- Wilfred Owen 1917 Shows a strong anti-war view, criticises those at home who cannt see past the glory of war. Poem shows a young boy who has been disabled by the war. Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer a goal The womens eyes passed from him to the strong men that were whole wherefore dont they come? Dulce et Decorum Est- Wilfred Owen 1917Again anti-war, satirises the view that war is a glorious thing, and that it is an honour to die for ones country. Bent double, like beggars under sack, knock kneed and coughing like hags. As under a honey oil sea, I saw him drowning gargling from the froth corrupted lungs The old lie Dulce et Decorum est Pro patria mori The Send Off- Wilfred Owen 1917 This verse has a melancholic tone, which has a sinister effect as the poem focuses on the death and desolation caused by war. lined the train with faced grimly gay Their breasts were stuck all white with wreath and spray, as mens are, dead. like wrongs hushed up they went A few, too few for drums and yells may creep back, silent up half known roads. Glory of Women- Siegfried Sassoon 1917. Criticises those at home, particularly the women. You love us when were heroes, home on leave He looked splendid. It sort of made me feelkeen to get out here Raleigh in Journeys End, Sherriff Rupert Brooke patriotic There is some c orner of a foreign field That is forever England Sassoon Does it head? Losing your legs? The turned soil and torn flesh of war. Birdsong, Sebastian Faulks Charles Sorley nor honour. It is easy to be deadEdmund Blunden Vlamertinghe who are these coming to the pass? Quiet protest Ivor Gurney Beauty Man consolation sung on the quivering strings inspire Sir Henry Newbolt Vitai Lampada (the torch of life) Play up Play up And play the game Jessie Pope Whos for the game? Regeneration Sassoon A hundred years from now theyll still be ploughing up skulls. Owen, Disabled All of them touch him like some queer disease. The holy glimmer of goodbyes Anthem For Doomed Youth, Owen Strange Meeting 1)Hill says in the Authors Notes that her novel is a microcosm of the ar to create a small arena in the great would of the war-she focusses on 2 main characters John Hilliard and David Blunden which makes it easier to communicate what the war was all about arther than taking a much larger pe rspective 2)the lack of understanding of the coward complacence as Sassoon puts it is another idea found in this novel-Hilliard goes home on leave and says noone knew, nobody understood recruitment The Call By Jessie Pope Whod rather wait a bit The Volunteer By Herbert Asquith lifes tournament The Call By Robert Venede lad man dreamer brothers In Flanders Field By John McCrae Take up our quarrel Futility and Despair Dulce et Decorum Est By Owen vile incurable sores on innocent tongues Lamplight By May Wedderburn Cannan we planned to shake the cosmos together Anthem for Doomed Youth By Owen each slow dusk, a drawing down of blinds apology pro Poemate Meo By Owen hopes lay strewn Birdsong By Faulks he himself did not believe there was a intent to the war All Quiet on the western sandwich Front By Remarque weary, broken, burntout and without hope Patriotism and Glorifying War The Soldier By Brooke some corner of a foreign field which is forever England The Call By Venede ogres faerie s princes This is no case of junior right of wrong By Edward Thomas She (England) is all we know and live by Channel Firing By Hardy Camelot, and starlit stonehenge Peace By Brooke as swimmers into cleanness leaping Happy is England Now By John Freema destroying Dragon Men Who March Away By Hardy Englands need are we Journeys End By Sherriff Theres something rather romantic about it all (Osbourne) natural Damage Disabled By Owen The womens eyes passed from him to the strong men that were whole The Ghost Road By Pat Barker damaged brains and drooping mouths The Conscript By Wilfred Gibson mangled limbs, blind eyes All Quiet on the Western Front By Remarque we see men without mouths, jaws, without faces A Dead Boche By Graves Black blood seepage from his nose and beard In Memoriam By EA Mackintosh piteous writhing bodies Class Oh What a gentle War By Littlewood and Theatre Workshop Blunders of boobies (Mrs Pankhurst) The Chances By Owen Over the top tomorrer boys were for it Stran ge Meeting By Susan Hill not the natural camaraderie to be found among the officers Return of the Heroes By Sassoon Prussian General and Sir Godfrey StoomerMourning A Girls Song By Katharine Tynan My grief is in the weeping rains The Falling Leaves By Margaret Postgate Cole now all withering lay Afterwards By Margaret Postgate Cole shall you and I ever be young again? August 1914 By John Masefield So passionate once, so deep Now that you too muct shortly go away By Eleanor Farjeon By immortal love, which has no first of last Do Not Weep By Stephen Crane A field where a thousand corpses lie Letters From a Lost Generation By Vera Brittain Letters talk about her fiances death Cowardice The Jingo-Woman By Helen Hamilton dealer in white feathers, insulter, self appointed Birdsong By Faulks list of men executed for cowardice Recruiting By Mackintosh Cant you see them thanking God theyre over forty-one? Regeneration By Pat Barker They didnt believe in shell-shock it was just cowardice Post War Thoughts Blackadder Goes Forth By Curtis and Elton Not even our generals are made enough to shell their own men Oh What a kind War By Littlewood and Theatre Workshop it is slaughter(soldier) we need one big offensive to break with (Haig) Aftermath By Sassoon Have you forgotten yet?